Internal combustion engine



Oct. 31, 1933.

J. F. HERMANN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 17, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet, l 5 mqnp Q z 71 Q 6 0 f z 2 I 1 11 i 5 In venior JTF/fermmm A llomey 0st. 31, 1933. F HERMANN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 17, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A llorney Patented Oct. 31, 1933 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE? John F. Hermann, Havana,- 111. Application February 17 1931'. sesame. 5163421.

4 Claims.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in internal combustion engines, and has more particular. reference to an internal combustion, engine of the valveless supercharged type.

The principal object of this invention is to provide an engine of such construction as to preclude the use of valves by superior means of admission and exhaust for each. cylinder.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel self contained supercharging de-' vice.

A still further important object of the invention is to provide a novel means for obtaining positive intake and exhaust port openings and closing at a predetermined point in the cycle of operation.

A still further important object of the invention is to provide a novel means of obtaining large cubic' displacement and long expansion strokes and very narrow limits of its working members. j

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent during a study of the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

taken through the improved engine.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional viewtaken substantially on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a similar View taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Referring more in detail to the drawings, it will be seen that the hinged block includes a crank case 1 having a cylinder 20f relatively large diameter integral therewith and rising vertically therefrom. A cylinder 3 of relatively small 'diameter rises vertically from the top of cylinder 2 and is arranged concentrically thereof.

Mounted for reciprocation in cylinder 2 is what may be termed a charging piston 4. A pair of oppositely disposed relatively short connecting rods 5 are connected at their upper ends'as at 6 to the piston 4. At their lower ends the conr necting'rods 5 are oppositely connected as at? to cranks 8 of a crank shaft 9 journalled in the 10, and on one end thereof said crank shaft is provided with a fly wheel 11.

Piston 4 has integrally therewith and oper- The ends of crank shaft 9 are able within cylinder a relatively elongated extension 12 capable of reciprocatory movement in the cylinder 3. v I I The cylinder extension 12 adjacent the lower end thereof is provided with an annular series of d" circumferentially spaced lateral exhaust ports 13 adapted to register with an annular exhaust passage 14 provided in the lower portion of the cylinder 3. Exhaust passage 14 has a lateral exhaust outlet 15. g

The reduced extension 12 is divided into a relatively shallow upper compartment 16, adapted to contain a cooling medium, and at its upper endprovided with a circular series of relatively spaced ports 25 to form a fluid break for the cooling medium and a relatively deep lower compartment 17 through the medium'of a partition or head plate- 18. Directly below the partition plate 18 there is provided for the compartment 17,

a plurality of circumferentially spaced intake openings 19 adapted to register with a fuel intake annular passage 20 when the exhaust ports 13 are in registry with the exhaust passage 14. Annular intake passage 20 is provided in cylinder 3 ,adjacentgtheupperend of'the cylinder}; and is provided with a lateralintake 21. I

Intake '21 is connected with the intake 22 of cylinder 4 through the medium of an intake manifold pipe 23 that adjacent its upper end is provided with a lateral intake 24 adapted to be coupled to a fuel supply pipe leading from a car-' bureter or other suitable source of supply (not shown) As shown in Figure 1 any suitable means, such as the valve device 35 is interposed between the intake 24 and the aforementioned 1 supply pipeof the carbureter'forthe purpose of preventing the escape of the compressed fuel on the compression stroke of the engine.

Piston.4 is provided with an axial opening in registry with cylinder 12 for accommodating power piston 26, which piston is also capable of reciprocatory movement inchamber 17 of cylin-" der12.. y

A relatively elongated connecting rod27 is-operatively connected with power piston 26 through 0 the medium of a suitable wrist pin 28 journalled in the piston 26; At its lower end connecting rod 2'? is operatively connected as at 29 with an intermediate crank 30. v

For closing the upper end of cylinder 3 is a closure plate 31 bolted to a flange provided at the upper end of said cylinder as at 32.

Cylinder 3 adjacent its lower end and above I exhaust passage 14 is provided with a lateral 110 spark plug hole 33 for accommodating a conventional type of spark plug 34.

Outer cranks 8 have a lesser crank radius than the center crank so that during operation of the internal combustion engine, cylinder 12 and power piston 26 will move relative to each other at diiiferent rates of speed until their respective cranks are one hundred and eight degrees opposite fromthe position of the respective cranks when the refer charge has been compressed to the manner, which is when one of the "series of ports 19 is in registry with the spark plug hole 33 for igniting the compressed fuel charge.

At the completion of the power stroke the parts are in the position shown in Figure 11 Assuming that the engine has just fired resulting in the completion of the power stroke, it'will be apparent that the rotating crank shaft 9 will 13 for clesing the latter prior to the moving of st ea and out of registry it the, intake passage 2'0 Ports being thus closed, and 'ommuriication between chamber 1'1 and pas:

2 shag suue tatii heq will permit or the chamber 1''?" being charged with fuel under. pres- 3 's ed sbt e c e 9 cha b l urrder. pressure will tak eplace subsequent to the, igniting or the compressediuel in chamber 17 ,a it i e t 9st?- 'r s of i o 2.5

will be hereinafter. made more apparent.

' ll/Iariifestly, aring the compression stroke, the, fuel, admitted into chamber. 17'wi11 becornpressed e ween t c p i PiSt i 26 3 he Patt tion 1? head plate, l8 to its" maximum g gre plug hole 33, at which time the compressed "fuel wi llbefignited'j Expansion of the gases follow; ing. the, es bustionwill'ofcourseftorce pi st defwrivl ardl'y 0 ts, powerfstroke,"andforce cyl -'ihder 12' upwardly within cylinder'3. Piston 4 willfalso move, upwardly forcing the fuelpre-I vioiisly'drawn'inth the manifold pipe 23, from the, fipe23 through theintakepassagej20 to iirial -w 131 be forced under'pressureintochamber l 7 when ports ll9fh'agv'e been rnove'd into registry -the limit "of-its downward or power stroke.

'The products of combustion thus: passing. through the ports, 13 will discharge from, the. exhaust passage 14 through the exhaust port 15 of the passage.

Referring again tothe chamber 16 and ports .5 it. is: t be nde t od t a t e chamber l6; will be substantially haltfilled with oil, and upon reciprocation or the cylinder 12 the oil 7 wi l be a ispi l tea 3 s te qfwheelies providing for eiiicient cooling of the combustion chamber in the cylinder 12.

As is well known, as the heat of the partition forming the bottom of the chamber 16 is absorbed by the oil, the lighter ends of the oil will vaporize, and the oil accumulating on the walls of the cylinder 3 will be scraped therefrom by the upper edge of the wall of the chamber l6 as the cylinder 12 moves upwardly, the 011 ein was er ss l the e at t e cylinr der'3 being directed into, or returned to the chamber 16. In this manner a fluid brake is provided since through the medium of the ports 2 5 there is caused an immediate drop from a pressure on theupper edge of the chamber 16 to ero, pressure, it being apparent that the edges of the walls er the chamber 16 about the openings. 25 also serve to scrape the oil from the walls of the cylinder 3, and the oil being thus scraped from the walls of the cylinder 3 is directed through h portsll lt 15119 chamber 2 3. Q ZQYQQEEE t' l rhie sf the as-sass at; 9?! P st asses es i h v ei though I have herein shown an d scribed thepreferredembodiment; f tion, it is to be understood that the a. ceptible of ch n'ges merits co ning w nn th'e Claims... .r

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is"; '7

'1. An internal combustion engine comprisingln combinaticn a cylinder. of; relatively large diam et'er, aseclon d great h ameter intcgtal w ruithe. first men id de e e t rewith 5e H the first mentioned cylinder, a pis ton rn n r eqivroe ii s in t e tea. ne i eee nd he s we? wheelies a w re:

.3 v 2 V me sealed; amassed c s 95 as said l kq l- Q??? o. adjacent the free end of the latter, said s d linder adj cent. we see here epris s a an m -lat we i t ke a sa e and as; a e-at its otherend thereof "assesses an annular. haust passage, ea h" w a were art jace'nt' said closure. provide m. .i s en al ei'a e tar s adapt rgis er teasers; 1 re. passage," said, cyl nd xtensi n i i s' m e is 0116 imn' alia'f sure head'with a series of 'circ un iterentially spaced exhaust ports adaptedto register with: Saitlfezi 'eeas a teamm te a: memehe warm an em ."all s e s en; a. rea et shaft, a"relatively elo gated connecting op; r ive cosm ics a sa l as e drgie ank of said ne t at, s ti X awe an:

asps %l,. l l ;l we w s wee nne s es-W h e her want 2- An n rna wmb si e ne em r a in cdmbinefiiee a! st-@1 of r lati l' are? ia a s we r ieea- Qi. Kelsi Wit saw si te ral th he fi st re et s -and c nec ed here th semen. the. first mentioned cylinder, a v for'reciprOcation, in th mes mentioned 'cyli a having a n e ri esi n mb e teen ro catoryrnovement in the second mentioned 0511-, 1 inder, a closure "head ifior. said cylinder ext 11 acen t e r e 61 d of aerate/ at e d.- erso pr rid a ea.

r dite was: 91 c an annular fuel intake passage and adjacent the Wi 951 he iiFi RIrQ iQAW AW e elae QX- 5.5

to register with said intake passage, said cylinder extension being provided remote from said closure head with a series of circumferentially spacedexhaust ports adapted to'register with said exhaust passage, a piston mounted for reciprocation within said cylindrical extension, a crank shaft, a relativelyelongated connecting rod operatively connecting said second piston with one crank of said crank shaft, relatively shorter connecting rods operatively connecting the first mentioned piston with other cranks of said crank shaft, and an intake manifold connecting the first mentioned cylinder with the port of said intake passage.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination a cylinder of relatively large diameter, a second cylinder of relatively small diameter integral with the first mentioned cylinder and connected therewith concentrically of the first mentioned cylinder, a piston mounted for reciprocation in the first mentioned cylinder and having a cylinder extension capable of reciprocatory movementin the second mentioned cylinder, a closure head for said cylinder extension adjacent the free end of the latter, said second cylinder adjacent one end thereof provided with an annular fuel intake passage and adjacent the other end thereof provided with an annular exhaust passage, each of said passages provided with a lateral port, said cylinder extension adjacent .said closure end provided with a series of circumferentially spaced intake ports adapted to register with said, intake passage, said cylinder extension being provided remote from said closure head with a series of circumferentially spaced exhaust ports adapted to register with said exhaust passage, a piston mounted for reciprocation within said cylindrical extension,- a crank shaft, a relatively elongated connecting rod operatively connecting said second piston with one crank of said crank shaft, relatively shorter connecting rods operatively connecting the first mentioned piston with other cranks of said crank cylinder extension has reachedthe limit of its movement in one direction. a

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a two diameter cylinder, provided with ports and a two diameter piston mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder and having the part thereof of smallest diameter provided with ports registering withthe ports in the cylinder; of upper and lower chambers provided in the hollow part of said piston, the upper chamber being open at the top of said piston part and being adapted to contain a cooling medium, and

being also provided with circumferentially spaced dium.

' JOHN F. HERMANN.

- ports to form a fluid break for said cooling me- 

